The CB550 came stock with 10,000 ohm plug caps.
Changing to 5K ohm will slightly increase the spark current, making the standard hotter range spark plugs wear out a bit sooner (Heat range + EDM), and cause the coils to lose more energy than with 10K caps.
Won't change timing. In theory, your stock coils will have less than optimal storage at very high RPMs and may misfire (Probably above red line when the plugs, points, and condensers are less than nominal).
If your caps still measure 10K +/- 10%, you could move the rubber bits from your new caps to the old caps, which should solve the spark leakage issues with them, provided they have no cracks.
I don't think most people would observe a noticeable difference between 10K and 5K plug caps. However, you could keep the new 5K caps and then use R type spark plugs. (DR7EA). These plugs have a 5K resistor in them which would add to plug cap resistance, and restore the 10K Honda intended for this ignition system.
If you don't want the old 10K caps, I do, if they are not cracked or corroded. I'll pay for shipping. Send me a PM.
Cheers,