The air horn was only used on Cb550F models and the 77-78 Cb550K models. It should have a screen/grill in scoop.
It was held on by tall shaft wing nuts, which are far more convenient than the nuts shown in your picks.
Your air filter is upside down. That big hole will provide an air bypass around the filter element. I think mice could be ingested the way it is now. But, don't tell PETA or PETI. (People for Ethical Treatment of Insects)

what about 18,19,20,21? i don't seem to have those. are they super important?
Those parts comprise the engine breather, water separator. Without them, the filter element will foul and clog pretty quickly with engine vapors/oil droplets, etc.
The filter seats/seals on top of the breather components to block off that big hole that you show placed on top.
Funny you should ask if they are important. The assembly of components works as part of a whole system.
I've seen people drive 4 wheel cars with only three wheels attached. But, I wouldn't want to operate it that way routinely.

Super important? Well, the engine will run without any filter components, just not well, and with some risk to engine longevity. It will run without a spark plug, too! But, that would not be desirable, imo.
Should I mention you are missing hoses that connect to those fittings. Two of them are not ordinary.
Cheers,