Between the battery and the powered device there are two pathways for current flow. One from the POS battery terminal and the other from (or to) the Battery NEG terminal.
Voltage loss in either pathway is the result of in line resistance which may occur in one place or many places. Finding the voltage losses is a matter of using a voltmeter to probe incremental points along the pathway to see where the losses accumulate the most, and then reducing the magnitude of those resistance points.
A wiring diagram is of great assistance, as it allows a map of the electron roadway on the bike, where you can make notes as to what voltage exists at any point where you have probed the system.