I almost answered the same way, but I followed your link and you're working on a DOHC 750 motor, so looking at it, I'd say those acorn nuts are just two of many that hold the valve cover on but don't access the valve tappets.
So +1 on finding a manual for your year of engine.
To answer question #1 if those covers do expose the tappets,
You likely need your engine at the TDC or Top Dead Center position for cylinder #1 to adjust the tension on your cam chain. TDC means that the cylinder is at the top of it's stroke and both valves are closed where, in a running condition, the fuel/air mixture is fully compressed and the spark plug would fire.
Question #2, With the tappets exposed you wouldn't "peer" into the hole, you would wiggle the tappets to see if they are loose, if they are loose it means both valves are closed and you are at TDC of that cylinder.
As for Question three, you'll notice that this is the SOHC, or Single OverHead Cam honda forum, meaning that most people on here don't have engines as new as yours so you might be a long time in waiting for a pic.
Good luck!