Alright, so I got some mockup done.
First picture here is the bike with the stock carrier (1977 CB750F) and it's hard to tell for sure, but you can see the front sprocket inboard of the rear sprocket. (I just put an early output shaft in a set of empty cases (k3) that I have, easy mock up.)
And, it's pretty clear to see how the sprocket carriers differ. Early model on left (grungy) late model on right (clean)
So, by installing the early carrier on the comstar rear wheel, things line up- here's a look down it with a chain on the sprockets.
So that's that. Leaves you with one small problem though.
No matter what way you configure the spacers, you will need to fabricate a spacer as madmtnmotors was talking about. With the early spacer installed on the early carrier, it needs to be ~14mm. The late spacer is longer than the early spacer, but only by ~7mm so no matter which spacer you use, you need to cut an additional spacer to take up the slack lost by swapping carriers.
So the nuts and bolts for those that skim- In order to put a early k engine in a late f/k frame, you need to do the following:
Swap rear sprocket carriers for the shorter, earlier version.
Cut a spacer to fit your particular combination of spacers. If using the spacer from the early carrier, this is ~14mm.
Ride.
Easy Peasey, Japaneasy.