In short DEF is injected into the exhaust stream after the DPF ( diesel particulte filter) through a reaction tube that give it the proper time to breakdown and disperse before it is run through a catalyst, much like the ones everyone is familar with from your car, buth with different precious metals to perform a certain reaction to convert NOX ( oxides of nitrogen ) into n2 , h20 and carbon dioxide, i forget the exact make up of the DEF but it smells like piss and crystalizes when it dries into lumps of white solid piss. Thank the EPA . Average length of the emission controls on the exhaust on a modern diesel is about 8 feet. I work for cummins.