I was a Honda mechanic in the 70's and there was a popular modification being passed around that increased mileage. I had a CB550 with hooker header, filter pods and jetting. I typically got 45-50 mpg.
The trick was to remove the emulsifier tube (long tube with holes in the side, that surrounds the needle) and drill more holes in it. I was told but never confirmed that this was reported in a Honda "Tech Bulletin". Without firm details, I was told to drill new holes the same diameter and between the existing ones, thus doubling the holes. The emulsifier tube is where air mixes with fuel drawn through the main jet and around the needle so it enters the carb as more of a foam than liquid. The modification was said to improve atomization and have no effect on fuel metering (no change in jetting).
It was easy and cheap so I tried it right before a 750 mile trip. My buddy was riding a CB360 and we each got 60 MPG. I was amazed that I could match his fuel efficiency and there was no change in performance like cold blooded starts when running too lean. The plugs looked the same as they always did. I never repeated the test or heard feedback from others and wondered if it really worked for other bikes, or just fixed some deficiency in 550's??
60 MPG and gas was 60 cents a gallon,.. that's a penny per mile!! The whole trip cost $7.50 for fuel,.. I recently did an 850 mile dual sport ride on my XR650 and spent over $100 for fuel