The resistors used for signal are generally to fool a stock flasher relay into thinking they're normal bulbs, so it will flash. Swapping in a modern electronic flasher relay avoids any need for the resistors.
Assuming you are using plug-in LED replacement lamps, no resistor is needed to light them up on the 12VDC bike power.
Check your tail and brake light with a normal lamp.
If it works, check the LED lamp in something else - many older cars use the same type of tail lamp and you can swap in the LED unit and try it for both marker and stop functions.
If the tail/stop light works with the normal lamp and the LED lamp is good...

I don't believe there is any way the tail light socket polarity could be reversed - but LEDs only work when wired the "right" way.