Basically these days there are 2 types of printers: inkjet or laserjet. Ink jets use ink cartridges and laserjets use a toner cartridge. Toner is a dry transfer where inkjets are wet transfer.
A simple black laser jet can be had for about $60. Inkjet will be about the same price to purchase, but will cost more to operate.
You can save money buying toner or inkjet cartridges from Large bin stores, purchasing off-brand replacements, but using the model # of you or printer as a reference.
Staples, OfficeDepot, HH Gregg, BestBuy, etc... are all about the same. Maybe a Sam's Club or WalMart will have these simple home options.