The parts you refer to are part of the breather system (blowby gas to be recirculated).
I remember that where I live many (dealers included) disconnected this system altogether as there was the risk the paper filter element got humid and was fouled by it. TwoTired will not agree but many here judged the device was not satisfactorily. In particular those who preferred to continue the use of the genuine Honda paper filter element (wise) choose to disconnect it and so did without this device and had it the way as it was on predecessor the CB500
Four.
For performance there are no negative effects if you disconnect it.
So my conclusion is the PO of your bike choosed to have it this way.
Wait a minute... Naples, you mean Italy? That could also explain why it is missing.
If you're Italian, you may have found the Parts List specially for the CB550F2 I've uploaded the other day.
http://www.honda4fun.com/materiale-documentazione-tecnica/parts-list/parts-list-cb550 Allthough it doesn't specify, I would not be surprised if Honda Italia back then judged customers were better of without this breather thingy. After all, in Europe we had no laws on this. Not then and certainly not for motorcycles.
This recirculating of blow-by gas originally was manditory for trucks, later cars and then motorcycles in the US followed.
The Blow-By Gas Scavenging Device is described in the Honda Shop Manual 500-550 on p. 108-9 and p. 158-9.
http://www.honda4fun.com/materiale-documentazione-tecnica/shop-manualDon't worry about your English. I myself am here to learn English and believe you me, in no time you know words like
obtuse and
e-ven-tu-al-ly.
Ciao