Geez, I'd have to scour four bins of parts to pull that much stuff together, let alone finding it in the oil pan!
My suspicions would be: RTV is perhaps from the oil pan/filter housing? Washer, God only knows. Damaged and destroyed heli-coil maybe from the oil filter bolt into the case lower on front? Or, a lower case tapped hole that should have a bolt in it, doesn't and that failed heli-coil is the reason why.
The oil filter heli wouldn't explain how it got into the pan, but proximity during negligent prior ownership might...
Plastic bits maybe cam tension? Ferrous chunk, associated with the failed heli-coil?
I think you might want to get on your back with a flashlight and take a VERY good look underneath. Refer to manual pictures for verification that everything is in tact.