Just a minor quibble, but what most people think of as the "chrome plating" is actually the underlying nickle plating. That's what makes it look silver, the chromium is a layer on top of that. "Triple chrome plating" refers to the process of plating first with copper, then with nickle, then with chromium.
Once you have pitting, that means the chromium layer is compromised, and you can polish away the rust but the pits remain. The polishing will brighten up the exposed nickle, but unless you keep it waxed than the corrosion will return. Because the chromium layer is so hard, the polishing buff tends to skip over it without biting in, so the polishing action gets focused onto the pitted area which is good. It IS possible to polish your way through the chromium though, making things worse, so don't go too hard on it.
If your bike is stored indoors and your environment is not too hot or humid or salty than waxing once a year or so will keep things looking fresh.
An aggressive buffer like chewbacca5000's will work a treat on unplated aluminum parts and give you a fabulous finish. It'll burn right through actual chrome plating though, so for minor pitting I would suggest the ultra-fine-steel-wool-plus-oil method that Stev-o mentioned. Crumbled up aluminum foil with light oil is another old-school method for doing this.
Start saving up now and someday consider having the parts re-chromed. Check out member MCRider's bike for some really amazing chrome work and leads on some plating services. Fresh well-done chrome is a beautiful thing to behold!
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