17 tooth spins the engine a little faster, and the bike will pull redline in 5th gear. Better perf. during stop and go, aropund town.
18 slows engine rpm and is best for highway driving and possibly fuel economy. Not a big difference, but one you will notice.
My bike is a little smoother at hiway speeds with the 17. The mirrors don't fuzz as much, and like mentioned, it accelerates a bit quicker, but at the expense of top speed.
EDIT..my bike is totally stock. Cammed/modified engines may act differently with either sprocket.