Someone let the cam chain get real loose. Then, during a hard downshift, the slack all went to the back of the chain and clipped that little casting right off. It is supposed to be an oil separator to reduce the amount of oil that travels back up the cam chain, lest it carry so much up to the top that it causes an oil weep from vaporized oil. This weep will appear around the top oil breather cover (middle of the top of the engine) if yours becomes a problem, but I doubt it will. This happens when the oil is too light (like 10w40) and the engine is run hot: it collects oil in the breather cover at the top, then dribbles it out the breather tube.