Travis,
Welcome to the forum. The 650 is a great powerplant to work with.
I have seen people cut and modify the 1980-82 CB650 frame rails, but I have not seen any build threads showing it. I think that is the better route versus mounting tabs for a seat the bridges the gap. You will probably want to put the frame into a jig to isolate any movement of the other tubes, before cutting the lower rails (rearward of the backbone) and replacing with new tubing. Make sure that you include a lateral cross-member at the tail end of the top seat frame rails to prevent frame twist when cornering. Also, you will need to relocate the shock mounts and likely need custom shocks (unless you can duplicate the geometry of a 500/550 frame or a 1979 650 frame. I wonder if you could cut and graft on a 500/550 rear 1/2 frame to your front.
Alternatively, you could try to pick up a 1979 650 frame which is much more like the 500/550 frame.