The starter is rather simple, a series wound motor. Check the brushes by unscrewing the caps and pulling them out. They should go back in the same hole, same orientation. You want a springy spring as overheating will make them unspringy. Amd a decently long carbon piece, I don't have a measurement but service limit should be in the service manual. Look down a brush hole with a light. The commutator will be dirty but the copper sections should be distinct, not smeared across the insulation sections or badfly burned and scored. You can dismantle the motor for full inspection, cleaning, and commutator dressing but these motors are rarely found worn to need it... they don't get that much running time in normal use.
But... your problem sounds like a slipping sprag clutch. That is on the back of the alternator rotor. It has a heavy steel ring with 3 pockets for the 3 springs, 3 spring caps, and 3 decent sized rollers. Lots goes wrong with these, you should inspect it. The ring must be solid (they crack), all other parts must be present and in good condition (somehow springs and caps manage to escape) . The starter gear extended part is the driving centre of the clutch and it's outer surface should be smooth.