Bummer! If the hard drive isn't really completely dead ("I'm not quite dead yet."), then you can use a file recovery tool to get files back. I've had amazing success using
R-Studio to recover almost all the data from corrupted hard disks. It's fairly easy to use, and the interface is much like Windows File Explorer.
If the problem is with one of the bearings, you may be able to recover data by chilling the hard drive. Put the hard drive in a zip-loc bag, squeeze out the excess air, zip it up and pop it in the freezer for about an hour. Pull it out and pop it into the external case you are using. If at all possible, leave the case open. If the hard drive spins up properly, you may only have a limited amount of time to get the data off, so work fast. As I recall, Outlook files are stored as .pst files and are placed under:
C:\Documents and Settings\[user]\Application Data or
C:\Documents and Settings\[user]\Local Settings\Application Data
The idea is that chlling sticky bearings will decrease the pressure on them, and thus allow the bearings to turn again. Others have had luck with this method; however, I would recommend doing this
only as a last resort.