Chains are cheaper which is why they are used, but they have their limits when RPM and HP climbs.
In our case we are now beyond that limit /window and reached a point that we could only expect to keep a chain in it for one race, not a weekend meeting, but one race. If we went and tried a second we lost the chain and the resulting damage is very costly and too costly to continue (ask me how I know) and so the gear drive conversion was born. With gear drive there are no practical limits to what it can take in the way of RPM and power and opens the door to further increases.
On the journey to this point I've done it all from stock OEM tensioners through to our own custom manual versions and did manage to keep pushing back the limits to chains tech but in the end it was not enough and the gear drive became the only practical way forward....................So I did something about it and built a prototype, tested it, made changes, built a second and tested the changes and then built the final and commercial version as shown in my posted picture.
Your two questions:
1/ I am assuming you are referring to the idler gear, then the answer is Hybrid Ceramics.
2/ The crankshaft gear form is "NOT" a fully formed in-volute tooth and although strong enough and hard enough (60 HRC) it requires a customised idler to engage the crankshaft and the more conventional primary gear.
Captain