I believe the "dust plate" is made of stainless steel. FYI
(I can think of some possible reasons; Keeping the linkage parallel and therefore all the slides in equal relative position, keeping those rubber dust seals effective, also possibly a vibration lock to hold the adjustment.)
I've never actually seen a mechanical justification for it's existence. Neither have I seen a justification for removal, besides "I don't wanna".
I do know that engineers usually don't add anything to a machine that isn't required or have a specific function, as saving $1 on any part additions is significant when you are making and selling 1 million bikes. You can employ 5-10 engineers for that money saved (or one extra executive).
Unless you are a bike customizer or a bike fabricator, there are usually few things on a bike made by engineers that aren't there for a reason, even if you can't fathom it.
Yes, the carbs will "work" without that "dust plate". I don't think anyone really knows the repercussions of NOT using it. You could be the pioneer, and maybe nothing bad will happen while it is in your custody?