Rubber is a permeable membrane, meaning air can pass through it. The rate of flow depends on thickness and rubber compound density. Undersize tubes can stretch it thinner.
If you can soak the tire/tube/rim in soapy water and not see air bubbles, it is just passing through the membrane.
Heavy duty tubes used to be available, haven't checked recently, they were thicker. They also weighed more, so bad for un-sprung weight/handling. It's a trade off.
Even so, not all rubber compounds have the exact same properties. So, your air loss could be brand specific (which you didn't report).
I've been pretty happy with the Metzeler tubes. Air up in the spring, maybe add a lb. or two 2-3 months intervals.
One possible alternative is to slime the tubes for extra seal of the membrane. I don't really like that idea, though, due to possible balance oddities, even if transient.
Cheers,