In the old days, when dirt and I were both young...
..we laid the chains in pans of gasoline and worked it until the chains were clean, then hung them up and hosed them off. This was before the hi-pressure carwashes appeared, circa 1967 or so. Then we hung them up on [something] and washed them off with a garden hose, let them dry awhile, then laid them into a pan with heavy oil (40w or 50w) in the sun and left them, like overnight. Next day we'd hang them up for an hour (or until we got tired of waiting for them to stop dripping) and then put them back on the bike.
Then came along that spray stuff in a can that you can just squirt onto the chain....