I did a little more cleaning on the rim and went ahead and painted it with rust-converting paint to seal it. I checked/inspected the rim before painting and couldn't find any thin spots or signs of bubbling chrome on the outer surface.
I am going to get the tire mounted today and go with it for now. At least I'll be able to move the bike around and get it outside to try firing it up and work on other things. In the meantime I will save up for some new rims, spokes, nipple, and to get the hubs vapor blasted.
I saw those rims on 4into1. The ones listed for the 400f say they are anodized aluminum (and aren't in stock right now), but I don't see any listed that are chromed. Anyone have experience with the 4into1's? Good quality? Almost chrome shine to them? I like the idea of aluminum because I wouldn't have to worry about this happening again. Although, a new set of chromed rims will probably outlast me.
Thanks for everyone's input.