What are the common failures?
The main one would have to be oil starvation to top end and the crank due to oil starvation, usually due to debris in the oilways and oil gallery going up and blocking the oil restrictor jets.
Then there is running in the engine incorrectly, by loading the engine too much.
There is also a high risk of seizure by leaving the engine running whilst syncing the carbs etc, with no air flow around the fins, the engine gets far to hot and seizes. This can also happen if you are riding the bike and not letting the engine go through complete heat cycles, ie hot, cool, hot, cool. This usually happens if you keep stopping regularly.
Incorrect piston / bore clearance, far too tight.
They are the most common reasons.
Then there can be errors made during rebuild, wrong parts/ wrong places / incorrect tolerances / component failure during or post build.
Poor cleanliness during rebuild.