Lets start with what bike do you have?
You do not have to pull the engine luckily. Which valve specifically because of it was 1 or 4 it may have gotten knocked into a crevice. 2 and 3 may have dropped down the cam chain hole then you may have to pull the sump but again all doable. You'll need to pull the cam cover anyways to check your springs/rockers/cam for damage did the whole tappet work out with the nut, or just the nut? You'll want to pull the breather cover and the side caps and then the cam cover. Have your tank off to allow a thorough inspection of all components without visual impairment. You've really got 2 issues, one that you've got something missing, two that it went rogue with the engine running. Not you should take a Gander at the valve train. Feel free to PM me with any queations I literally just finished a build so it's all fresh in my mind. Everyone on this forum has been so incredibly helpful to me since I joined, happy to return the favor whenever I can.