A looong time ago...I pulled apart a 750 engine for a rebuild and found a valve adjuster nut sitting in the rocker box! All of the rockers had their nuts intact, so I supposed the owner lost the nut one day, couldn't find it, put on a new one, and rode on. The engine had been sitting a long time (the whole bike, actually) when the new owner bought it, and the engine was locked up from rusty cylinders (no spark plugs), so it was sent here for rebuild. I still have that nut in my 'spares' of used parts. It was locked into place with the black gritty goo that often collects in the front side of the rocker housings, so it had been there a lot of miles.
At least one of our members, a guy in TX who once sent me the top end to rebuild, had this happen to his 750, and it was after he was riding a month or more following his rebuild. He was able to pull the engine mounting bolts to drop the engine lower in the frame, then he pulled the valve cover and found the nut. When he put it back together he used Allen-head bolts on the valve cover (and later the side covers, too) because he didn't think he could get the middle 4 long screws tight enough on reassembly, as he had removed them with small Vise Grips because the frame was in the way. The Allen-head screws let him reassemble easily.