Let me tell you, I think it is kind of strange, as I have exactly the same bike as you, a 1977 CB550K, but on my bike there is no protroducing bar from the throttle wheel as in your photo. I think that is what you are asking about, correct? The brass rod that extends from the side of the throttle wheel and has a groove on the end of it?
Well, neither the bank of carbs on my bike, nor my two spare banks of carbs has that rod.
So, my guess is that no, you are not supposed to have a spring attached to it, and that all is ok there.
Based on your description, however, I think your throttle pull cable is adjusted too tight. Before adjusting it, try disconnecting it, and see if the throttle closes completely. If it does, then you know what you have to do.