Steve,
I was going to stay away from his thread when I first saw it because I didn't want to come across like "do what I did". I spent an insane amount of money on my K4, but will likely put less than 2-3 thousand miles on it in the next 20 years.
Make darn sure you add the later model, higher strength rod bolts. Find Mike Rieck and he'll tell you which ones to use because at anything hogher than stock rpm - those old rods will fail. Anyway, start with the head. Absolutely do not start a build unless you make the head a part of the plan. The stock head already won't feed 736cc's very well, let alone 836cc. Adding a cam won't fix the head's restrictions and shortcomings. You can read the Jerry Branch flowbench article that's linked on the faq thread. It's not speculation - there are flow numbers to support. Horsepower is rpm x torque / 5252, so an rpm increase must be part of the plan.
You will not be happy with an 836cc bigbore or new camshaft, I mean you will be able to feel it slightly and it's nice to tell the buddies, but neither of these is worth the expense or trouble.....unless you port! I've never been impressed with increased displacement. Yes, same weight and a littlemore uumph, but maybe 5-10% at most. Ok, on a good day with the wind at your back it will feel stronger. Add professional porting, good cam (I love my Megacycle cam), Kibble White springs, and you will be amazed! You don't even have to go bigbore to get good great results.
That plan for stock pipes is not idea. You certainly will need to do some work to improve breathing on the intake side (you're "pumping it up"), so you have to get more in and more out. Neither the stock pipes or the air filter is going to help you there. I think the header diameter will work, but the baffles in the pipes would be restrictive for a fire-breathing 736 and almost suredly an 836.
I don't buy the 836 causing oil leaks. You have 1&4 going up while 2&3 are going down. There is a constant balance of crankcase pumps (pistons coming down). My leaks came from mistakes on the sealing rubbers under the towers, being too careful about cam break-in and over-oiling the topend and laying the gasket over oil-slicked surfaces, and not sealing the small 6mm studs for the cam towers over the sparkplugs. I'm at 400 miles and I'm convinced I'll never see a leak.
I'd like to see you do a higher compression 736cc, ported, mild cammed motor with your stock pipes and airbox for starters. At least your engine will be done and the other items will bolt on/off. If you're not satisfied, you could simply add the pipes and the K&N's. Figure modern 600cc bikes make 108 horses - you don't have to have 836cc to make it perform. Porting is the absolute "bang for the buck" out there. It makes monsters out of little motors.
I should add that I am not an old hand at the CB750. The one I bought on EBay last year was my first. I've built it twice now going for more and more go-fast goodies. I do have many, many years of outboard and motorcycle engine performance building experience. These principals are applicable to all engines - 2 stroke and 4.
Best of luck and keep us posted.
Gordon