Compare the bolt sizes to make sure the problem bolt is not longer than it should be.
If the bolt is the right size, but won't seat properly without washers, then there is something at the bottom of the bolt hole, preventing it from seating. Anything might be down that hole, including the remains of an older frozen bolt. You'll need a drill press and jigs, so that the bit cuts straight down the hole and into the broken bolt, and to a depth that can be controlled. Removal by a professional machine shop might seem expensive, but might also end up being a low cost bit of insurance. If the exposed threads (above the obstruction) are still sound, then you've no more to do - just put in a replacement bolt.
However, the PO may have damaged or stripped the threads when trying to tighten with too few of the exposed threads holding. If so, removing the obstruction may not be enough. The entire bolt hole may need to be resized (and heli-coiled) and an oversized bolt may be needed. Or again, get professional machine shop to do it for that added insurance.