Here is the engineering breakdown for the fuel tubing.
The pet cock nipple has a .236 O.D. (6mm) shaft and a .270 (6.8mm) dia. barb.
5.5mm I.D. tubing is .218 I.D and will fit firmly on the shaft and the barb will hold it firmly on, even when wet. Hose clamps are insurance, but not necessity.
1/4 I.D. tubing is .250 and will only self seal on the barb portion of the nipple. Slides off easily (particularly when wet) and hose clamps are mandatory.
3/16 tubing is .1875. While this will seal well without clamps, getting this onto the fuel tees between the carbs is going to requires some major dedication and will power. I would also worry about embrittlement of the over-stressed (stretched) tubing as it ages. Meaning, removal after a year or two of use will likely be very difficult and prone to cracking.
If Honda will not order the proper size tubing for you, I would try Kawasaki or Yamaha parts outlets for 5.5M fuel tubing.
Otherwise, I would opt for the 5mm size (.197 I.D.) This would be a little easier to install on the CB550 carb T between the carbs than 3/16 tubing.
6MM tubing is the same I.D. as the petcock nipple shaft and will require a hose clamp for good retention.
Also, if your in-tank petcock fuel filter is still intact, an inline filter is redundant, unnecessary, adds routing complexity, and fuel flow issues to the gravity feed fuel systems, and must be replaced periodically if it is doing any "filtering" at all.
Cheers,