I originally adjusted each screw to try and get the fastest idle, going from one screw to the next, after getting what I assume to be the best idle from all four screws, I would then set idle set screw back down to try and achieve around 1200 rpms.
The process you used would be correct for a carb with an accelerator pump. If you still have stock carbs, you don't have an accelerator pump. And, setting them for max lean at idle is not the way to set up these carbs.
The book value for your idle screws is 1 turn out. Turning it out further makes the slow circuit leaner. With your pods, I would expect you to turn them in farther than the stock setting. These bike run rich at idle so that the throttle response is acceptable.
My pods are not oiled? How would I go about doing this, and what is the proper oiling method, and what kind of oil do you use?
I don't know what pods you have. Foam pods need oil. Paper element pods, probably don't. Both Uni and K&N, market oil for use with pods.
I took the mufflers off the exhaust, and the popping still occurred. I will try and see if it needs tightening at the point of contact with the head.
If the head pipe to head coupling gasket is compromised, simply tightening it probably won't help. It will have to be renewed. If you tighten too much, something breaks. I warn you that I'm not completely familiar with the early 750 pipe to head union. It may be different than the 550 arrangement, I'm more knowledgeable about. Something about Spigots and 750's ...
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I have no way of testing the vacuum on the bike, as I don't have the proper tools, is there any other way to try and sort of "bench" test it so to speak, without having the proper vacuum sync tool?
Bench sync (adjusting slide to same height) gets you close enough to do a vacuum sync. But, unless each cylinder has exactly the same breathing characteristics (as when brand new), some cylinders will fire with more strength than others. The lazy cylinder may then pop, as the cylinder doesn't do an efficient burn.
You'll need manometers to do a proper vacuum sync. One of the joys of 4 carbs.