Yes, the nylon (or is it Delrin) ring was missing.
It's nylon. Nylons have a melting point of about 500F. Delrin (DuPont trade name for Acetal engineering polymer, which is polymerized formadehyde) melts at a lower temp, around 350F. (You can guess who I work for...) Based on the high temps seen by brake components, nylon would be the logical choice. (Hmm... 500F and 350F.. sounds like bike models. This might help me remember without looking them up!)
I thought it was in there to act as a "softer" interface between the back of the pad and the piston, thus absorbing some vibration that would attribute to brake squeal. (My guess)
I might have an extra one lying around, if you get desparate....