i'd be a bit leery of doing anything that removes any amount of material from the spokes. i dont know enough about soda blasting to know if it does or not though.
it does not. Soda blasting removes the zinc coating - it really doesn't even remove rust (maybe a little). The abrasive media explodes on impact so it is not reusable (like sand), it requires special equipment to spray, and is very expensive., plus cleanup is a nightmare.
that being said are you blasting the spokes because you want to paint them or because they are rusty? and assembled wheel? or loose?
if it is because you want to paint them then just paint over the zinc coating. If it is because they are rusty, well you need a different medium and to be honest considering how small spokes are it is very easy to warp them sandblasting them. plus for what it costs you could just by new spokes and relace yourself. I wouldn;t sandblast an assembled wheel anyway because the sand has a funny way of working into tight spots and never leaving. I have a buddy who sandblasted a wheel and the trapped sand eventually worked free and abraded his inner tube till it ruptured.