Loki, another potentially more obvious explanation just occurred to me. You mentioned that you installed new pads. After installing new pads, did you loosed the "travel limit bolt" on the caliper mount arm AND confirm the arm swings freely? Occasionally, the mounting arms will sieze in place, which causes a bind when the new pads are installed.
Assuming the mount arm moves freely, if the travel limit bolt had been adjusted to limit the travel of the moun arm with a worn "inactive side" pad in place, installation of a new, thicker inactive pad will cause a bind when the caliper is bolted up. Hope this helps.