A vernier caliper, by definition, is simply a measuring device with two sets of teeth, to measure inner and outer measurements, with the teeth being attached to a graduated scale. Within this definition there are a variety of digital and analog calipers; some you can zeroout and some you cannot. The caliper I have is digital, and yes I zeroed it out. Again, the book said to use a micrometer. I didn't think it woud make a big difference, but I suppose it did.
Also, even though my rings were sharp, I very confident tha I have a low volume compression gauge. As a double check I'm going to see if I can't rent a valve stem compression gauge (the kind with the big rubber nipple) and measure compression on another friend's bike with both that gauge and my own. If there is any variation in the readings then I'll know for sure.