First make sure the ground wire at the headlight connector is actually grounded to the frame. This is sometimes the culprit.
There's a bit of weirdness in some 76 bikes from Honda removing the headlight off switch, as daylight on headlight laws came in. Honda left the wiring harness unchanged for places that had no such law and installed a jumper for those that did, bypassing the nonexistent switch.
If you have a meter with test buzzer, switch the ignition off, connect one meter lead to the unplugged headlight connector (either high or low beam power terminal) and test to any unused bullet connectors (should be a male I think) at the main harness junction where the switchpods connect - switch from low to high beam each time or connect the meter lead to BOTH the low and high beam connector sections. If you get continuity then you have found the connector the headlight needs power to come from, you have to add a jumper to power it. I think it gets black ignition wire power here and that connector leads to the headlight fuse feed, I may well be wrong and you have to find the wire from the fuse's load side.
Otherwise, measure voltage at the HEAD fuse to make sure it's making it that far, should be at both ends of the fuse if the fuse is good. Remove the fuse and see which end is the power feed, the load side will not have voltage. Use the ohm meter or beeper to find which wire the load side is connected to at the fusebox connector. Find that wire at the switchpod harness junction and check continuity to the fuse. Make sure it's connected to the switchpod. Check continuity to the headlight high and low power wires from the switchpod while operating the switch. Check continuity through the harness to the bucket headlight power wires. If you have continuity from the fuse right to the headlight connector and power at the fuse feed... it just about has to work.