A windshield is going to have an effect. But, it can be positive or negative depending on how much turbulence it adds or subtracts from what the bike has before adding the windshield.
The ones I put on my 550s didn't effect MPG negatively. If anything, they improved the MPG.
The first was a Vetter Windjammer 5.
I was commuting 30 minutes at 5 AM in winter. I was quite worried that the bulk and air displacement would make the MPG so much closer to the the car's that I would go back to it for the regular commute.
Didn't happen. One of the things I did notice was not only did air pressure on my chest go away, there was air pressure on my back, pushing me forward, when at cruising speed. That never happened without the fairing. Usually, the back of my jacket balloons rearward due to the negative pressure behind me as I move forward with the bike, sans fairing. This bike was used almost exclusively for commuting as my wife hated the thing at the time. My fill up intervals (after switching to reserve) extended by about 2-4 days, depending on time of year and how much choke I needed daily.
Next was the National cycle windshield on my CB550F. I think this one didn't help the mileage. But, it still gets about 45 MPG. Which is OK for the 550. It does remove the air pressure off my chest and face shield.
Then I put the Vetter Quicksilver fairing on a CB550F. This bike gets 45-50MPG, and some air pressure on the rider's back during cruise.
I don't doubt there are other fairings/windshields that actually produce anti-drag benefits. The small ones over the headlight and gauges don't do much of anything and are mostly cosmetic. Same is true with many add-on windshields.
But, there is a reason why racers have faired in motorcycles, and why modern bikes have all that plastic surround.
When you push air out of the way it creates negative pressure. This can occur in waves behind the disturbance as the air rushes in to fill a void. What if your windshield was creating a negative pressure where your carb intake is? Such a condition would make the carbs draw more fuel.
What if you had a windshield and you still felt air pressure on your chest? Wouldn't that indicate you now have two sources of wind resistance instead of just the one you had before adding the windshield?
Your results may vary.
Cheers,