Well what is the smallest disc that I can safely use on a motorcycle?
Depends on your personal version of "safe", IMO.
Got a buddy who feels perfectly safe with his spool front hub and drum brake rear. Got another who thinks I'm nuts for riding a CB500 with only a single disk in front.
And my wife doesn't believe
any motorcycle is safe.
Again IMO, modern "safe" stopping takes two big front disks. Anything less is, well, less. Just depends on how "unsafe" you're willing to live with. For me, that's a single front disk or a BIG front drum.
If I was looking to build a chop like the one in your pic, I'd skip the front brake altogether and run a spool. At least then I wouldn't be able to pretend that I could get results with anything but the brake pedal.
