To remove the cam chain tensioner, there's a 10mm nut in a stud on the backside (carb side) of the jugs. Remove that nut, push the stud inward, and withdraw the tensioner up and out thru the slot in the jugs.
The cam bearings should be installed on the lowers of the journals in the head. Can't tell from your pictures, but if there wasn't a bearing, then the journal would be badly toasted as would be the cam.
Getting it to run installed backwards? Can't imagine. The intake and exhaust lobes have different profiles. Maybe it might start, but can't believe it would actually "run". Possible damage? Exhaust valves smashing into pistons sounds quite possible.
Send a PM to Hondaman or place a Services Needed ad looking for advice and recommendations on a machine shop in Denver.
You may not want to hear this, but if it were me, given what you've found already, I'd tear that motor all the way down! The potential for gasket goo to have gotten into the oil passages is too great, even if the PO never touched the lower end. His reach may easily have exceeded his touch.
$600 isn't too bad if the bike is otherwise solid. Besides, you're getting all this experience for free now rebuilding your bike!
and that's priceless!