Now can you explain to me when a ground is required and why?
To have current flowing, you've got to have a circuit. Take a lamp or your horn. When you switch it on (the switch can either be in the
+ wire or in the
- wire), current will flow from
+ to
-, the latter also known as ground. This because the frame and engine are directly connected to the negative terminal of your battery by a fat cable. If there's no circuit, there's no current flowing, so the horn, lamp or whatever is
off.
And how to measure the overall draw on a bike with all the electrics running? Would I do that with the bike ignition on, or the bike running, or what? And where would I put the metering wires?
Good question.
This is how I would do it. Put the red wire in the right socket first: the ampère socket that can handle 10A. At this red socket it simply says A, sometimes 10A. The socket it was in, can only handle milliampères and we will now measure heavy stuff. The black wire can stay in COM. It is important to know that, the wires being connected like this, you can NOT read voltages now! The fuse in your meter would blow immediately. So whenever you connect the wire to this 10A socket, remember that after you did your amps test, you return the wire to where it was before (V/Ω), to avoid forgetting it.
Now in theory you could connect your meter in between the
+ battery terminal and it's disconnected fat cable or you could connect it between the
- battery terminal and it's disconnected fat ground cable. In theory it doesn't matter, as we will measure the current flowing. But the negative terminal is favourite and here's why. If the disconnected and now loose fat ground cable accidentely touches the frame (= ground) no harm is done. On the other hand, if the disconnected and loose fat
+ cable accidentely touches the frame, you'll see fireworks. If you allow me a sidestep: this is why, when we remove a battery, it's best to undo the
negative cable first. When we install the battery, we mount the
positive cable first, just to avoid accidents and I know of some nasty accidents that have happened to even trained mechanics! There's a lot of power in a battery! So in our test we now have one lead connected to the disconnected ground cable and the other to the negative terminal of the battery. Now, you switch the ignition key to 'ON' but DON'T EVEN THINK OF TOUCHING THE STARTER BUTTON!!! The starter motor draws so much current, your test wires would melt instantly! So it's kickstart only. But wait. Now that you have the ignition switched on, the idiot lights, the coils and maybe your headlamp (US) consume power draining the battery, so whatever amps your meter reads, there should be a minus sign before the reading. If not, switch the ignition key off, simply change the test wires position and then bring the ignition key to 'ON' again. You can now read what the idiot lights, the coils and the headlight (US) draw. Time to KICKSTART. Remember: NO ELECTRIC START. We know that at idle our bikes do not charge and even
discharge, so after start you ought to see the minus sign. Increase the idle speed by turning the central idle adjuster. Watching both your tachometer
and your meter, you'll notice that the discharge will eventually go over into charge (minus sign disappears). Now you can bring on indicators, brakelight and whatever and your meter will show what the total sum of your charging system is and at what rpm the system still charges and when it
discharges. Just watch that you don't exceed 10A (unlikely), or the fuse in your meter will blow.
BTW, you don't need a fan to cool the engine. The test will be far too short for that.
After the test bring the red wire back to the V/Ω socket, or you will forget it! Connect the fat battery ground cable again.
A few things you should know. Measuring amps is the trickiest of the tests you can perform with your multimeter, so be concentrated and careful. Most important is: don't use the electric starter!! And use the right sockets and right after the test, return the red cable to the V/Ω socket.
BTW, if there are boatowners among you that are interested to know how you can use a cheap multimeter as a permanent ammeter by using the fat Batt
+ cable (or Batt
- for that matter) as a shunt, I can give you a scheme. It will take some experimenting however.