The practice of selling under production costs (dumping) exists, but I don't think japanese bike companies did it in the seventies. They came up with a better product manufactured at a lower cost. We all know that british companies lacked innovation and labor unions were very powerful.
The proof is that, 30 years later, the cost of living in Japan is so high that they have raised plants all over the world (specially Eastern Europe) to benefit from low wages. That was one of the reasons that led John Bloor to relaunch Triumph. He saw that japanese companies were creating plants in UK to benefit from the strenght of the yen against the sterling pound. That's when he saw that the UK was in position to manufacture again in a competitive way.
One thing is true: The chinese industry is a big threat. Not only because of dumping, but also because of slave wages their products are so cheap (as well as bad quality) that they are destroying the market. Look what has happened to traditional japanese electronic appliances manufacturers: Toshiba, Sony, Sanyo, Panasonic... The electronic market is led now by korean and chinese brands, so cheap that when the appliances break down it's cheaper to buy a new one than to repair.
Of course, part of the high price of a HD bike is the cost of man labour, as US wages are higher than asian wages. HD has set up his identity as an american icon and probably ther designs and their plants are the only american thing that remains, because many of their components and most of their apparel is made in Asia. But I don't think that's a bad thing. The world is narrower now, and something from abroad doesn't neccessarily have to be bad. I don't have prejudices by principle, but experience tells you that japanese is good, korean is second best and chinese is by principle crap. Copied designs and bad quality.
I can't understand why companies like Nike or other sport companies took all their know-how to chinese companies to manufacture at a low price. Now they are producing the very same articles and selling them to the local market cheaper than actual imports. Giving the know-how to chinese companies is like putting the fox to look after the chicken.
Raul