Hey DustHawk, keep up the good work. You're gonna find that weight loss and core muscle work will help your back a LOT. take a look at isometrics as a way to help strengthen muscles without overloading your joints.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometric_exercisehttp://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/exercise.jsppost shoulder arthroscopy:
http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/strengtheningexercises/ss/shoulderarthros_3.htmwalking is a great thing, keep working on that as well. Tendons and ligaments don't have direct blood flow, so they heal a lot slower than muscle, but if you keep gently working them and letting them rest after, you will see a big difference.
About your recumbent- Are you working with a physical therapist? Is this a real bike or kind of a cycle machine at home? something about ankle/joint healing to consider, too, is constant passive motion (google that, too) it's been shown very useful in healing joint injuries because the same fluids that help heal cartilage and ligaments are pumped through with joint motion. Constant passive motion is very, very gentle, slow movement that goes on for a long time, so it doesn't tire you out or wear out the joint, per se, but keeps stuff moving to heal things faster (and helps the joint resurface the rough healing cartilage optimally)
here's a link that has more to do with research on knee replacement, but it's still the same concept, relative to pain meds not working:
http://www.fahc.org/Rehab_Therapies/Evidence/quality01_dtl_1_12400_19345.htmlOne step at a time, one day at a time.
(I'm not a doctor, I just kinda work around some of this stuff a bit and want to offer some encouragement if I may)
Edit: I changed a couple of the links, because one of them was just commercial crap that I mistook for a really great iso site I can't find anymore... also added one that is for post-arthroscopy patients, but you might want to ask your doctor if strengthening those muscles might help you now, too.
Isometrics for your core can be as easy as just holding your abs and back firm to support your back while you do stuff (your recumbent, walking, etc) and that firms up the muscles that way.
hth