I believe anodization does reduce the electrical conductivity of the surface, but I'm not sure to what extent. It's not a process I know much about outside of cosmetic use. If I were going to the trouble of coating, I would probably just powder coat it, guaranteed isolation with a high quality bond potential.
Really, the easiest way to prevent corrosion is to just make sure your carbon piece is resin rich at the surface, which I imagine a tube like that would be, except for the cut end. You could seal the ends with a little epoxy to be safe. With items like metallic fasteners, usually holes in the composite are made a bit oversize and the edges sealed or an insert is potted in place.
Oh, one last thought, less epoxy is more. Target a fairly tight fit between the tube and it's mating part, maybe 10 thou or so. Thick bond lines will have reduced shear strength.